梁楷，南宋東平人，禪宗畫家，擅人物，山水，釋道，鬼神等題材。曾經任職最高級的宮廷畫師，皇帝還特別賜給金帶，這種畫院最高的榮譽，梁楷卻不接受。他喜好唱酒，酒後行為不拘禮法，自稱是「梁瘋子」。性情曠達，豪放不羈，作品重於氣韻的發揮，往往寥寥數筆，人物之神態躍然紙上，所謂「天機超逸，不事繩墨」，完全是一種純任自然的性靈表現，達到了藝術最高妙的境界。梁楷的作品中「潑墨仙人」，墨瀋淋漓，筆力遒勁，意氣奔放，而有法度。另一幅「太白行吟圖」，將一代詩人李太白飄逸的神態與不凡的氣質，盡現於毫楮，使人依稀如見其面帶微笑之色，如聞其放歌飲酒之章。他還有一福「羲之書扇圖」，畫一位童子侍硯，一童子捧扇，大書法家王羲之則濡墨揮扇，風神俊朗，意態瀛灑，神色栩栩如生。從這幾幅作品，也可以見到梁楷風格的一斑了。梁楷傳世的作品，草草為之者，人謂之「減筆」。
(文獻參考: 宋 中國的文藝復興時代)
Liáng Kǎi (fl. late 12th-early 13th c.) "The Madman"
Liang Kai excelled at painting figures, landscapes, Buddhist and Taoist subjects, as well as spirits and deities. He learned painting from Jia Shigu (or Chia Shih-ku 賈師古 fl. mid-12th c.), but he outdid his teacher in being able to convey the grace and bearing of figures. In 1210, he was awarded the rank of Painter-in-Attendance and bestowed with the honored Golden Belt at the court of Jia Tai (1201-1204 CE, Southern Song Dynasty) where he was known for mastery in painting figures, landscapes, and other minor subjects. He is most famous for originating or developing the "Xie Yi" (寫意, sometimes translated as "sketch style") of painting, where the objective is to evoke the subject or atmosphere with minimal use of detail; it requires a profound mastery of painting technique and perfect concentration, but also allows for the beauty of accidental effects. He left his position at court to practise Chan Buddhism (禪宗). Xie Yi style is closely associated with the "sudden enlightenment", "mindfulness", and "spontaneity" aspects of this school of Buddhism. One of his more famous pieces, Budai, shows the Budai Luohan wandering through the country-side. The swift, smiling brush strokes embody the Chan philosophy of sudden enlightenment.
His paintings indicate that he knew and respected many men and was sympathetic to them. Landscapes or still life did not hold him. He sought "the human" directly, through portraiture. Liang Kai's painting parallels his two lifestyles. His early work uses Academic conventions although his essential interests are already present. The basis for his fine reputation at the Academy is not clear. In his later work the Chan (Zen) style emerges. Liang is credited with inventing it and having such strong influence that he created the whole school.
Works generally attributed to Liáng Kǎi: painting of the poet Li Bai, the Drunken Celestial (aka A Sage); The Sixth Patriarch Cutting Bamboo; and in a more academic style, a series called the Eight Eminent Monks paintings.
(Text references: Terebess Collection & Wikipedia)
梁楷 李白行吟圖 Li Bai Strolling and Chanting a Poem
梁楷 潑墨仙人圖 Drunken Celestial in Splashed Ink
梁楷 布袋和尚 Budai Luohan
梁楷 秋柳雙鴉圖 Autumn Willow and Two Ravens
梁楷 雪景山水圖 Landscapes in Snow
梁楷 六祖破經圖 The Sixth Patriarch (Hui Neng) Tearing up the Sutra
梁楷 六祖斫竹圖 The Sixth Patriarch (Hui Neng) Cutting Bamboo
梁楷 羲之書扇圖 Wang Xizhi Calligraphing a Fan
潑墨仙人圖 局部 Details of Drunken Celestial in Splashed Ink
(*See more Liang Kai's paintings here.)
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